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out-coloring-modes definition:
the out coloring describes how a point that DOES NOT belong to the fractal is colored, belonging to the fractal are all points that do not escape, for the julia set above it is ALL points that are below the unit-circle, becuase each iteration a number below 1 is multiplied by itself making it smaller and smaller, so, hence the black area because those points iterate forever because they "shrink"

and the out coloring is then all points that do escape at a certain point, check my mandelbrot iteration video for clarification, this is applied to any escape time fractals, hence the name color-by-escape time and in the most basic form the color is just the escape iteration as demonstrated in the video below

so, the out coloring then can apply various methods to achieve a certain result, frax is using a fairly distinguished way to determine outside colors, for once it uses orbit trapping of complex shapes which means in the iteration loop a distance to a shape (e.g. a circle) is determined which influences the outside coloring

the pictures you posted apply various other methods, for example the circle image you got there just applies a color gradient to the distance to zero, but the coordinates can as well be applied to a noise texture as in the lower left

i would vot for "yes" that says the outside regions can be considered fractal as well, especially when the outside regions are put into another fractal method again you see there is much to play with and much to layer frax does an excellent job in this!

video visualisation what the computer does
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/ce0lms78nt4&rel=1&fs=1&hd=1" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/v/ce0lms78nt4&rel=1&fs=1&hd=1</a>